Most people only think about their water heater when the hot water runs out. Knowing the warning signs, what can be repaired and when replacement makes more sense helps you avoid a cold shower, or a flooded floor when an old tank finally gives way.
Sifixit is a free referral service. Call the number on this page and you will be connected with an independent plumbing provider where one serves your area. Calling costs nothing and you are never obliged to hire anyone.
Signs your water heater needs attention
Watch for these warning signs.
- Water pooling around the base of the tank
- Rusty or discolored hot water
- Rumbling or popping sounds while heating
- Hot water that runs out faster than it used to
- No hot water at all
- A tank that is more than 10 years old
What to do right now
If you smell gas near a gas water heater, leave the home and call 911 or your gas company from outside. Water from the relief valve can be scalding, so keep clear of it.
- Turn off the power to an electric heater at the breaker
- Turn a gas heater to its off or pilot setting
- Shut off the cold water valve above the tank
- Put towels or a tray down and move belongings away
- Take photos of any leak
- Call a plumber
Tank or tankless
Tank water heaters
Store hot water in a tank. Many last around 10 to 15 years and cost less to install.
Tankless water heaters
Heat water as it flows, so they do not run out. They cost more to install and often last longer.
Gas or electric
Gas heaters usually heat faster. Electric heaters are simpler. Switching between them usually needs extra work.
Size
The right size depends on how many people live in the home and how much hot water they use at once.
Repair or replace: how a plumber decides
- The plumber checks the age, the model and the condition of the tank.
- Parts such as heating elements, thermostats, igniters and valves can often be repaired.
- A tank that is leaking from the body usually cannot be repaired and must be replaced.
- If replacing, the plumber sizes the new heater and checks venting, gas lines and electrical needs.
- The new heater is installed, the old one is removed, and a permit is pulled where required.
How to make a water heater last
- Flush the tank once a year to remove sediment
- Test the temperature and pressure relief valve
- Set the temperature to 120 degrees Fahrenheit, which the US Department of Energy recommends for most homes
- Check for leaks around the fittings and the base
- Have gas heaters inspected regularly
Questions to ask before you hire
- Can this be repaired, or does it need replacing?
- What size water heater do we need?
- Is a permit needed, and is it in the price?
- Will you take away the old water heater?
- What warranty covers the tank and your labor?
Frequently asked questions
How long does a water heater last?
Many tank water heaters last around 10 to 15 years. Tankless models often last longer with regular maintenance.
Can a leaking water heater be fixed?
A leak from a valve or fitting can often be fixed. A leak from the tank itself usually means replacement.
How long does replacement take?
A like for like tank replacement often takes a few hours. Switching to tankless or changing fuel type takes longer.
Do I need a permit to replace a water heater?
In many areas, yes, especially for gas water heaters. Ask your plumber whether they pull the permit.
Learn more
Our main plumbing guide covers the wider picture, including what affects the cost and when to call a professional.
Sifixit is a free referral service and does not provide home services. Calls may be answered by a partner call center or connected directly to independent local providers, who are solely responsible for their work, pricing, licensing and insurance.